摘要:支气管哮喘是儿童时期常见的呼吸系统疾病,是一种由多细胞和细胞组分共同参与的气道慢性炎症疾病。近年来,由于多种因素的作用,儿童支气管哮喘在世界范围内的发病率有逐年上升的趋势,但其治疗疗程长,病情易反复等实际情况给患儿家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担和精神压力。对于哮喘的治疗,现代医学可在急性发作期迅速缓解不适症状,但对缓解期的治疗尚缺乏有效的方案。本文对中西医药物对小儿咳喘的治疗的研究进展进行了综述,主要从现代中西医学对儿童支气管哮喘的发病机理、主要治疗药物以及目前中西医治疗存在的问题等方面进行较详细全面的论述。
关键词:儿童支气管哮喘、发病机理、药物治疗
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Abstract:Bronchial asthma(BA)is a connnon disease of respiratory systeml which mostly happens during age from 2-8,it is the disease of chronic airway inflammation which is participated jointly by multicellular and cellular component.In recent years,the incidence rate of infant bronchial asthma has been increasing around the world due to the effect of various factors,the reality of long-period treatment and easy relapse brings heavy economic burden and mental pressure to the childrens fallllly and society. For the treatment of bronchial asthma,modern medicine can relieve symptoms quickly in the acute phase,but treatment for remission is still a lack of effective programs.The literature review introduces the andvances reseach of medical branchial asthma in children. Progress on Treatment of Branchial Asthma in Children, discusses detailedly the pathogenesis, primary remedies and current therapeutic problems of branchial asthma in children from the point view of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.
Key Words: Branchial Asthma in Children、pathogenesis、drag therapy
咳喘一词源于中医,可分为咳和喘两方面,咳即是咳嗽,喘即是哮喘。咳嗽是临床上较为常见的一种呼吸系统疾病,导致咳嗽的原因有多种,主要包括内伤咳嗽以及外感咳嗽两种类型,比如心功能不全导致的咳嗽、哮喘、普通感冒、胃酸反流性咳嗽、支气管炎、气管炎以及肺炎等[1]。支气管哮喘(asthma)是一种由多种细胞(嗜酸细胞、肥大细胞、丁淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞及气道上皮细胞等)和细胞组分共同参与的气道慢性炎症疾患[2]。这种疾患导致患者气道具有对变应原刺激的高反应性,当接触多种刺激因素时,气道发生广泛而可逆的不同程度的阻塞和气流受限。
近年来,本病的发病率在世界范围内有逐年上升的趋势,发达国家国家高于发展中国家[3],城市高于农村,并且有明显的遗传倾向。初发年龄1-6岁多见。多数病儿可因治疗得当随年龄增长得到有效控制,但仍有1/3-1/2的中、重症患儿可迁延至成年。由于哮喘反复发作,难以根治,所以严重影响患儿的身心健康,也给家长带来了沉重的经济负担和精神压力[4]。
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